大学入試長文読解

原文は こちら I (A) When France declared war on Prussia in July 1870, the French leaders evidently believed that they could humiliate their German-speaking neighbors. Mutual distrust between France and Prussia had grown in ( 1 ) the rise of nationalism that had caused それは引き起こしていた the German-speaking states ドイツ語を話す国々が 　　, briefly united at the time of the French Revolution of 1848, 　　（それらの国々は）短い間団結していた／フランス革命の時／1848年の gradually to come together politically and economically. 徐々に一緒になることを／政治的にも経済的にも ※cause O to do「Oが～することを引き起こす」 ※unite「結合する」→united「結合させられた＝団結した」 France, or at least Napoleon III and his advisers, saw a strengthened German state as a threat to France's Rhineland territories; this sense of distrust was increased by Prussia's ( 2 ) of military authority over Austria and Denmark ※over ... 「～に対する（支配、統制）」 in the 1860s. Then, in 1870, the possibility arose ( 3 ) a German prince might be elected the new King of Spain, ※possibility that ...「...という可能...

原文は こちら No more TV dinners, no more snacking with Paul McCartney on the kitchen stereo and certainly no listening to the more intellectual bits of Radio 4 over breakfast. If you want to lose weight, the best accompaniment to a meal is the sound of your own chewing, a study suggests. Psychologists in the US have found that people consume less food when they can hear themselves eating. They believe the effect to be so powerful ※ believe O to be C 「 O が C だと信じる」 ※ so ... that ～　「とても ... なので～」 that even simply telling somebody that they are eating a crunchy snack 単に誰かに言うこと／カリカリ音がするスナックを食べていると makes them eat less. In a considerable benefit to those ～人にとってすごく良い点なのだが 〔 who cannot get through a packet of crisps 〔終われない／一袋のスナックを without making the noise of a small gunfight 〕 ノイズを出すことなく／小さな銃撃戦くらいの , experiments show that the more people concentrate on the noise of their meal,  the less they eat. ※the 比較級 ..., the 比較級 ～ 「...すればするほど、～...

The promise of speed reading 速読が約束してくれるもの ―to absorb text several times faster than normal, without any significant loss of comprehension ― 文章を吸収する／数倍速く／普通より、重要な損失なしに／理解の can indeed seem too good to be true. 本当に～に見える／あまりに良すぎて真実ではないように Nonetheless, it has long been an aspiration にもかかわらず、それは今まで長い間切望である for many readers, as well as the entrepreneurs 〔 seeking to serve them 〕 . 多くの読者にとって／また、起業家にとって〔彼ら（ =readers ）にサービスを提供しようとしている〕 And as the production rate 〔 for new reading matter 〕 has increased, そして／製造スピード〔新しい読書素材の〕が上がるにつれ and people read on a growing array of devices, そして人が読むにつれ／ますます増えつつある種類の装置で the lure of speed reading has only grown stronger. 速読の魅力は強くなるばかりである。 The first popular speed-reading course was based 最初の速読コースは基づいていた on the idea that reading was slow because it was ( A ). ～という考えに／読書が遅い／それが（ A ）だから。 The course "focused on teaching people コースは集中した／人に教えることに to make fewer back-and-forth eye movements across the page, より少ない...

PLEASE READ THE INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY. V Read the following passage and complete the English summary in your own words in the space provided on the separate answer sheet. The beginning of the summary is provided; you should complete it in 4 to 10 words. How do historical interpretations become dominant? In 2016, a German musicologist discovered the score of a long-lost composition by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. The musicologist had been researching the life of Mozart's contemporary, Antonio Salieri, when he recognised the title of a catalogue entry at the Czech Museum of Music as being the lost collaboration between Mozart, Salieri, and Cornetti, an unknown composer. For a long time, people believed that Mozart and Salieri, the court composer to the Hapsburg Emperor, had been bitter ･ rivals engaged in a vicious personal feud. Indeed, there was a persistent rumor that Salieri had poisoned Mozart because of jealousy of the younger composer's genius. This story was the basis of th...

IV Choose the most appropriate phrase from the list (a~~m) for each item (32―38). Mark your choices on the separate answer sheet. Professor Ecks is talking to his class on the first day of the new semester. Prof Ecks: Good morning, everybody. I'm Brian Ecks, and I'm going to be teaching this semester's course on comparative studies. So, ( 32 ). Any questions, so far? Student 1: Excuse me, Professor. We are feeling ( 33 ) at the back here. Would it be okay to close the window? Prof. Ecks: Sure, ( 34 ). But if it gets too warm down here at the front, I might ask you to open it. Now, I would like to set out a few of the rules of the class; so listen up, as I don't want to have to repeat this. Student 2: Sorry, Professor. It feels rather stuffy ( 35 ). Would it be alright for everybody if I opened the window? Prof Ecks: Well, let's have a show ( 36 ). Open? Right, it looks like most of us want fresh air. Now, let me continue. The first thing is the use of cell phones in...

III Choose the most appropriate sentence from the following list (a ― h) for each item (25―31). Mark your choices on the separate answer sheet. (a) In fact, the same color barrier that has dominated urban communities for decades has now spread to our fast-growing suburbs. (b) In the future, the legal system will no longer accept immigrants into American society. (c) Of course, ethnically diverse neighborhoods do exist and are certainly chosen by a number of Americans. (d) Shouldn't individuals have the freedom to live wherever and near whomever they want? (e) So do Asians, as a group. (f) The bad news is that there is still a gulf between different racial and ethnic groups. (g) Though the amount of diversity in the United States continues to grow with each census, the 2000 census revealed that segregation according to race and ethnicity has persisted to a much larger degree than many Americans had realized. (h) Whites are more likely than blacks and Hispanics to live in the suburbs...

II Read the following three passages and mark the most appropriate choice ( a ~ d ) for each item (15―24) on the separate answer sheet. (A) It was a hybrid of philosophy, linguistics, mathematics, and electrical engineering. Beginning in the 1940s, cybernetics ― a new vision of techno-perfection ― set off the first chorus of cyber-hype about the ultimate power and value of computers. While evoking religious faith in science, the inventor of cybernetics, Norbert Wiener, warned of the danger in ceding control of moral judgment to machines. Shortly after Wiener delivered his warning, author Kurt Vonnegut published an anti-cybernetic novel. Player Piano (1950) projected a world where automata do everything, resulting in a techno-tyranny ruled by machines and their slaves ― button pushers, office bureaucrats, and corporate managers. As a science, cybernetics mutated into robotics and artificial intelligence; as an ideology, it provided the springboard for contemporary visions ...