早稲田文2017 I フレーズ訳
原文はこちら
I
(A)
When France declared war on Prussia in July 1870,
the French leaders evidently believed
that they could humiliate their German-speaking neighbors.
Mutual distrust between France and Prussia had grown
in ( 1 ) the rise of nationalism
that had caused
それは引き起こしていた
the German-speaking states
ドイツ語を話す国々が
, briefly united at the time of the French Revolution of 1848,
（それらの国々は）短い間団結していた／フランス革命の時／1848年の
gradually to come together politically and economically.
徐々に一緒になることを／政治的にも経済的にも
※cause O to do「Oが～することを引き起こす」
※unite「結合する」→united「結合させられた＝団結した」
France, or at least Napoleon III and his advisers,
saw a strengthened German state
as a threat to France's Rhineland territories;
this sense of distrust was increased
by Prussia's ( 2 ) of military authority
over Austria and Denmark
※over ... 「～に対する（支配、統制）」
in the 1860s.
Then, in 1870, the possibility arose
( 3 ) a German prince might be elected the new King of Spain,
※possibility that ...「...という可能性」
thus (in Napoleon Ill's judgment) presenting
a German threat to France's south-west perimeter.
After repeated French protests,
the Prince of Hohenzollern
seems to have been willing to withdraw
from candidacy for the Spanish ( 4 )
before France committed to war.
※commit to war「戦争に訴える」
The motivation for war was hence supplied less by this specific incident
than by a more general sense of suspicion,
※was supplied less by A than by B
「Aによっては供給されなかった／Bによってよりも」
→「Aによってというより、Bによってもたらされた」
each nation maintaining
※maintain that「～ということを主張する」
that possession of the Rhineland states was necessary
for ( 5 ) against the other.
This itself was a form of historical repetition:
at least as interpreted by the British press,
※as interpreted by ...「...によって解釈されているように」
the two nations would replay the Battle of Jena in 1806,
where the first Napoleon destroyed the Prussian army.
※where = in the Battle of Jena
※the first Napoleon「ナポレオン１世」
Obviously, the French were hoping to prove
that the relative power of the two countries had not changed,
and the Prussians
※←and the Prussians were hoping to prove
that it ( 6 ).
※← that the relative power of the two countries had changed
On July 19, France declared war on Prussia,
and the French people ( 7 ) shouted their goal of "To Berlin!"
For a brief moment,
they had accepted the new Napoleon
as the replaying of the old.
※the old = the old Napoleon
(B)
Soon after alphabetic writing had reached Greece from Phoenicia
in about 700 BC,
the Homeric epics were written down.
Homer's example inspired the subsequent ( 8 ) of Greek literature,
for
※for「というのも」
even though the pursuit of justice
was always the foundation of the city-state,
an equally conscious pursuit of fame, truth, and beauty
was not far ( 9 ).
Those aspirations, in turn,
※in turn「今度は、次に」
inspired an extraordinary outpouring
of poetry, drama, history, and philosophy
that defined the good life
それら（=poetry, drama, history and philosophy）は定義した／よき人生を
※→詩、劇、歴史、哲学などに「よき人生」が表現されていた
for later generations of Greek and Roman citizens.
Medical and physical science
simultaneously took ( 10 ) in new directions
when a few bold thinkers supposed
that just as citizens of the city-state ordered their lives
ちょうど～のように／市民〔都市国家の〕が統制した／彼らの生活を
by obeying laws〔expressed in words〕,
従うことによって／法律に〔言葉で表現された〕
physical nature too perhaps obeyed laws
物理的自然界もまたおそらく法律に従っている
〔that might also be set forth in words〕.
〔それ（=laws）も表されている／言葉によって〕
※set forth「説明する」
※医学や物理学が同時に新しい方向に動き始めた
（いつ？）
２、３の大胆な思想家たちが～と考えたときに
（どう考えた？）
ちょうど都市国家の市民が生活を統制したのと同じように
（どう統制した？）→言葉で表された法律を守ることによって
物理的自然界もまたおそらく法律に従っている
（どんな法律？）→同じく言葉で表されているような
This stab in the ( 11 )
このような（１１）を突き刺すような行為が
generated a multiplicity of ideas
産み出した／様々なアイデアを
, such as the atomic theory of matter,
例えば原子理論のような／物質の
〔that were destined to a great future〕.
〔それら（=ideas）は運命づけられていた／偉大なる未来に〕
Scientists and philosophers simply disregarded
all the confused and conflicting tales about the gods
〔set forth in the poetry of Homer, Hesiod, and others〕,
and trusted instead to their own powers of verbal reasoning.
※trust to 「～に頼る」
The ( 12 ) of authoritative religious hierarchies
権威的な宗教階級の（１２）が
〔to make sense of the jumble of inherited ideas about the gods〕
〔意味を見出すための／その混沌とした受け継がれた考えの／神についての〕
made this possible.
このことを可能にした
Without priests,
司教がいなかったので、
the city magistrates
都市の執政官たちが
, who became responsible for conducting religious rituals,
彼らは責任をもつようになった／執り行う／宗教的儀式を
cared more for splendor and spectacle
より気にした／豪華さや壮観さを
than for coherent doctrine.
一貫した（宗教の）教義よりも
The effect was to unleash speculative thought,
その結果は／解き放つことだった／熟考を
checked only by acute observation of celestial and earthly phenomena
それらは～によってのみチェックされた／鋭い観察／天と地の現象の
and of human behavior as well.
また人間の行動の（観察）
For a few centuries,
a handful of philosophers were therefore free
※be free to do「自由に～する」
to apply verbal and mathematical reasoning
※apply O to ...「Oを...に適用する」
to human affairs and natural phenomena,
and did so
※did so = apply ～ natural phenomena
with ( 13 ) success
※such ... that「とても...なので～」
that subsequent philosophers have continued
to study their surviving writings,
down to the present.
Rival schools eventually codified Greek philosophical and scientific ideas
into convenient guides for upper-class living.
The initial tumult of intellectual ( 14 )
began to subside
when heartfelt questions〔raised by Plato〕
gave way to Aristotle's logical and plausible answers
※give way to ... 「～に道を譲る→～に取って代わる」
to almost everything〔his predecessors had discussed〕.
I
(A)
When France declared war on Prussia in July 1870,
the French leaders evidently believed
that they could humiliate their German-speaking neighbors.
Mutual distrust between France and Prussia had grown
in ( 1 ) the rise of nationalism
that had caused
それは引き起こしていた
the German-speaking states
ドイツ語を話す国々が
, briefly united at the time of the French Revolution of 1848,
（それらの国々は）短い間団結していた／フランス革命の時／1848年の
gradually to come together politically and economically.
徐々に一緒になることを／政治的にも経済的にも
※cause O to do「Oが～することを引き起こす」
※unite「結合する」→united「結合させられた＝団結した」
France, or at least Napoleon III and his advisers,
saw a strengthened German state
as a threat to France's Rhineland territories;
this sense of distrust was increased
by Prussia's ( 2 ) of military authority
over Austria and Denmark
※over ... 「～に対する（支配、統制）」
in the 1860s.
Then, in 1870, the possibility arose
( 3 ) a German prince might be elected the new King of Spain,
※possibility that ...「...という可能性」
thus (in Napoleon Ill's judgment) presenting
a German threat to France's south-west perimeter.
After repeated French protests,
the Prince of Hohenzollern
seems to have been willing to withdraw
from candidacy for the Spanish ( 4 )
before France committed to war.
※commit to war「戦争に訴える」
The motivation for war was hence supplied less by this specific incident
than by a more general sense of suspicion,
※was supplied less by A than by B
「Aによっては供給されなかった／Bによってよりも」
→「Aによってというより、Bによってもたらされた」
each nation maintaining
※maintain that「～ということを主張する」
that possession of the Rhineland states was necessary
for ( 5 ) against the other.
This itself was a form of historical repetition:
at least as interpreted by the British press,
※as interpreted by ...「...によって解釈されているように」
the two nations would replay the Battle of Jena in 1806,
where the first Napoleon destroyed the Prussian army.
※where = in the Battle of Jena
※the first Napoleon「ナポレオン１世」
Obviously, the French were hoping to prove
that the relative power of the two countries had not changed,
and the Prussians
※←and the Prussians were hoping to prove
that it ( 6 ).
※← that the relative power of the two countries had changed
On July 19, France declared war on Prussia,
and the French people ( 7 ) shouted their goal of "To Berlin!"
For a brief moment,
they had accepted the new Napoleon
as the replaying of the old.
※the old = the old Napoleon
(B)
Soon after alphabetic writing had reached Greece from Phoenicia
in about 700 BC,
the Homeric epics were written down.
Homer's example inspired the subsequent ( 8 ) of Greek literature,
for
※for「というのも」
even though the pursuit of justice
was always the foundation of the city-state,
an equally conscious pursuit of fame, truth, and beauty
was not far ( 9 ).
Those aspirations, in turn,
※in turn「今度は、次に」
inspired an extraordinary outpouring
of poetry, drama, history, and philosophy
that defined the good life
それら（=poetry, drama, history and philosophy）は定義した／よき人生を
※→詩、劇、歴史、哲学などに「よき人生」が表現されていた
for later generations of Greek and Roman citizens.
Medical and physical science
simultaneously took ( 10 ) in new directions
when a few bold thinkers supposed
that just as citizens of the city-state ordered their lives
ちょうど～のように／市民〔都市国家の〕が統制した／彼らの生活を
by obeying laws〔expressed in words〕,
従うことによって／法律に〔言葉で表現された〕
physical nature too perhaps obeyed laws
物理的自然界もまたおそらく法律に従っている
〔that might also be set forth in words〕.
〔それ（=laws）も表されている／言葉によって〕
※set forth「説明する」
※医学や物理学が同時に新しい方向に動き始めた
（いつ？）
２、３の大胆な思想家たちが～と考えたときに
（どう考えた？）
ちょうど都市国家の市民が生活を統制したのと同じように
（どう統制した？）→言葉で表された法律を守ることによって
物理的自然界もまたおそらく法律に従っている
（どんな法律？）→同じく言葉で表されているような
This stab in the ( 11 )
このような（１１）を突き刺すような行為が
generated a multiplicity of ideas
産み出した／様々なアイデアを
, such as the atomic theory of matter,
例えば原子理論のような／物質の
〔that were destined to a great future〕.
〔それら（=ideas）は運命づけられていた／偉大なる未来に〕
Scientists and philosophers simply disregarded
all the confused and conflicting tales about the gods
〔set forth in the poetry of Homer, Hesiod, and others〕,
and trusted instead to their own powers of verbal reasoning.
※trust to 「～に頼る」
The ( 12 ) of authoritative religious hierarchies
権威的な宗教階級の（１２）が
〔to make sense of the jumble of inherited ideas about the gods〕
〔意味を見出すための／その混沌とした受け継がれた考えの／神についての〕
made this possible.
このことを可能にした
Without priests,
司教がいなかったので、
the city magistrates
都市の執政官たちが
, who became responsible for conducting religious rituals,
彼らは責任をもつようになった／執り行う／宗教的儀式を
cared more for splendor and spectacle
より気にした／豪華さや壮観さを
than for coherent doctrine.
一貫した（宗教の）教義よりも
The effect was to unleash speculative thought,
その結果は／解き放つことだった／熟考を
checked only by acute observation of celestial and earthly phenomena
それらは～によってのみチェックされた／鋭い観察／天と地の現象の
and of human behavior as well.
また人間の行動の（観察）
For a few centuries,
a handful of philosophers were therefore free
※be free to do「自由に～する」
to apply verbal and mathematical reasoning
※apply O to ...「Oを...に適用する」
to human affairs and natural phenomena,
and did so
※did so = apply ～ natural phenomena
with ( 13 ) success
※such ... that「とても...なので～」
that subsequent philosophers have continued
to study their surviving writings,
down to the present.
Rival schools eventually codified Greek philosophical and scientific ideas
into convenient guides for upper-class living.
The initial tumult of intellectual ( 14 )
began to subside
when heartfelt questions〔raised by Plato〕
gave way to Aristotle's logical and plausible answers
※give way to ... 「～に道を譲る→～に取って代わる」
to almost everything〔his predecessors had discussed〕.
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