明治政経2009 II

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Shade-grown coffee is grown in the shade of a rainforest. This means that the land used to grow the coffee is not *clear-cut. As a consequence, fewer coffee plants can grow on the same size piece of land. Shade-grown coffee costs more to produce, but it only costs the consumer a little bit more per pound to buy. Growing coffee in the shade is also helpful to the farmers themselves because they can grow other plants on the same land that they use to farm their coffee.

In general, about 150 bird species are able to live on shade-grown coffee farms in the rainforest, whereas only about 20 are able to live on sun-grown land. Consequently, shade growing helps many species avoid extinction, and it helps farmers, too, because birds eat many of the insects that can damage crops, almost ( 7 ) the need for **pesticides.

Currently there are many small-scale, local coffee farmers living in the middle of the world's rainforests. They earn ( A ) 50 US cents per pound of * * * "gourmet" coffee, while the companies that then sell the coffee to consumers charge on average $11. 10 for the same pound of coffee. The people who work on the farms usually only get ( -f ) around 12 cents per hour because there is so little money coming in. Many farmers also have to buy more land than is really needed in an attempt to be ( B ) sound and W) grow their coffee in the shade. They can then find themselves in such a challenging financial situation that they have to give up growing shade-grown (*) coffee just in order to stay in business.

( C ), coffee farmers can also consider a third option: fair trade coffee. With it, farmers get at least $1. 26 per pound. Most fair trade coffee is also shade-grown, and the extra money that the farmers get is almost always put to good use. Since more money must be paid to farmers, fair trade coffee is usually more expensive than regular coffee, but being fair to farmers is definitely worth a bit more money.

Many people agree that it is very important to buy fair trade coffee; in fact some ( ^7 ) enough to volunteer in stores that sell it, so that they don't take any of the profit away from the original farmer. Fair trade coffee is also &-) very important because (since it is usually also shade-grown) it shows the local people that they can make a bigger profit by doing something that is good for both them and the environment. As well as helping the farmers and the environment, shade-grown coffee also ( X ) the consumer. Many coffee drinkers think that it has a richer, less bitter taste and also has a more pleasing smell. If more coffee drinkers started buying shade-grown, fair trade coffee, it would also help ( ) global warming because trees that would ( D ) have been clear-cut would then be able to replace some of the carbon in the air with oxygen.

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